CPSS is an intelligent system which is based on computer algorithms and mechanism. It is also called as cyber-physical system. It can be used for medical application, security, and traceability.
Table of Contents
Medical applications
Managing cyber-physical systems for medical applications is a complex task. It involves handling data and computations of different types, establishing system interoperability and reliability, and ensuring data security.
The Internet of Things has a significant impact on the medical domain. It is a new computing platform that integrates computing and networking into physical objects. It includes mobile applications, health services, and other connected devices. It is considered a new technology, but several investments have been made worldwide to improve its performance.
The Internet has had a significant impact on every aspect of life, but the health care industry is one of its most important domains. It has faced numerous barriers and challenges in its development. For example, it has faced dire shortages of healthcare personnel. This can affect the quality of medical care.
Healthcare monitoring is an important area of concern. It may involve daily living monitoring or intensive care monitoring. It may also involve the collection and analysis of various physiological parameters. It can be used to detect diseases and to nullify emergency situations.
For example, wireless body area networks offer real-time health monitoring. It can also be used to deliver a wide range of health services to people in impenetrable environments.
The current decade has witnessed an innovative revolution in communication. It has spanned many networks and has changed the way we live. In the medical domain, it has impacted on the way we think, work, and interact.
The next generation of networks will include multimodal information, social networks, and cognitive networks. They will combine and exploit diverse resources. They will form a net-centric society. These new networks will be based on mobile personal computing, cyber-physical social systems, and biomedical networks.
The integration of these networked components will allow medical researchers to better understand patient conditions, and to develop innovative therapies. In addition, it will increase efficiency and safety.
Currently, few CPS applications have been proposed for healthcare. The applications that have been studied include body area networks, coordinated interoperation of adaptive and autonomous devices, and miniaturized implantable smart devices. However, the technology is still in the development phase.
Industry 4.0
Besides being a technological evolution, Industry 4.0 is an overall concept. It is a multi-dimensional approach, focusing on data mapping and integration across the end-to-end product lifecycle. It also improves communication, collaboration and working conditions. It addresses ecological, social and clean factory initiatives. It aims at enhancing safety, saving costs and increasing profitability.
The Internet of Things is a key component of Industry 4.0. It enhances quality, improves communication, facilitates real time data exchange and provides remote control. This technology can improve productivity and add new capabilities in various areas, including manufacturing, health monitoring, logistics and smart cities. Moreover, it can help in optimizing processes and preventing errors.
The fourth industrial revolution consists of several technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), advanced robotics and hyper-connectedness. It also incorporates the convergence of information and OT, which leads to the creation of new business models and an omnipresent Internet of everything.
Industry 4.0 is a complex topic. Many organizations are still at the early stages of its implementation. Nevertheless, there are a few notable initiatives and projects, which aim to transform the manufacturing industry in the coming years. In addition, there are also many opportunities available in this sector.
The first challenge is the definition of a strategy. Another is the rethinking of organizations. The human factor, in particular, remains a crucial element of the Industry 4.0 process. In addition, implementing new business models is a challenging task. In order to maximize results, organizations need to be redesigned. The most interesting thing about Industry 4.0 is its scope. There are various goals and objectives, and projects of all sizes and complexity. The end result is a “smart factory” that can be optimized to improve profitability and worker productivity.
The most important thing to remember is that it is not always the technology that wins the day. The triumvirate of speed, quality and efficiency are essential for a successful implementation. In fact, customers expect speed and value. These are the two pillars of the Industry 4.0 vision.
The fourth industrial revolution is all about automation and interoperability. This will lead to better products, faster delivery times, reduced errors and enhanced quality. It will also require a lot of debates.
Security
Integrated physical and cyber systems play an increasingly critical role in many industries. However, they are prone to attack by malicious agents. These attacks can cause physical harm to the system. Moreover, they can be used by state actors to gain access to sensitive data.
These systems include autonomous vehicles, smart grids, and IoT-connected drones. These cyber-physical systems are in the innovation trigger phase, which means that they are receiving a lot of attention from vendors and users.
These systems have different levels of security. These systems have embedded sensors, processors, and other components. These sensors and processors are based on computational intelligence. In addition, these systems are prone to vulnerabilities that have not been disclosed to the public.
These systems are also vulnerable to common network attacks. A malicious agent can report false measurements to a pressure sensor, causing a dangerous overflow from a tank.
Moreover, these systems can be susceptible to ransomware. Such attacks have brought down gas pipelines, halted logistics operations, and disrupted steel production.
The Cyber Physical Systems security project addresses these issues. It will provide an international forum for researchers to present their work. The conference will focus on security concerns for Internet of Things devices and other physical systems.
In addition, the project aims to provide solutions to improve the resiliency of OT platforms. Specifically, it will focus on hardening OT systems and detecting intrusions.
As new technologies are introduced, new threats emerge. These vulnerabilities can be mitigated with advanced methods of data security. These solutions can protect the systems from cyber attacks.
Currently, many previously closed systems are open to attack by malicious agents. The paper presents system-level solutions to ensure security and trust.
The Hype Cycle for Security Operations, published by Gartner, outlines the stages of technology maturity. The current stage, innovation trigger, is a burgeoning period of growth. In this time, the IoT and Smart Grids are emerging as top threats. The other three technologies are in the slope of enlightenment.
The security of cyber-physical systems is important, because these systems are being deployed on a large scale. Cyber-physical systems are in the innovation trigger phase, and their security is still in the early stages of development. Therefore, the security of these systems will soon warrant investments similar to those of data infrastructure security.
Traceability
Various techniques have been applied to traceability in CPS-based manufacturing. This paper presents a novel approach to traceability analysis based on a quantitative model and a practical prototype system. It also introduces an automatic data entity generation scheme, which is designed to improve the efficiency of system development.
Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) are computerized systems that enable the connection of physical assets through communication and computation. They have been used extensively in the manufacturing industry. They provide a high degree of automation, as well as reorganizing/configuring dynamics.
Traceability in CPS-based manufacturing systems has been a significant issue. Although the industry has experienced significant advances in this area, the problem of tracing requirements is still not completely addressed. It is important to consider several factors, such as fault tolerance, performance optimization, and trust management.
For example, in the food industry, tracking information is often inaccurate due to lack of an advanced computerized system. In a safety-critical environment, it is especially important to be able to extract valuable data from the systems.
One approach is to use a multi-run simulation. In this approach, time points are simulated, and deviations are examined. However, multi-run simulation is time-consuming.
Another approach is to create a system based on a central traceable stream mechanism. This approach can reduce complexity related to traceability by human operators. It can be implemented by using a web service-based system. Moreover, it can also be invoked through mobile applications.
The main challenges for CPS-based food traceability systems include resource integration, system architecture, and communication efficiency. This paper proposes a conceptual guide-lines for the transformation of food production-consumption chains. It also describes the current state of knowledge on CPS application in the food industry.
The proposed approach uses a value stream mapping technique for simulation. This method generalizes the Petri net modeling techniques to dynamic manufacturing processes. It also includes a semi-symbolic modeling approach, which introduces a new approach that handles discrete uncertainty.
The approach has been successfully deployed in China and used for quality control of bee products. The approach is expected to provide a valuable reference for the design and development of modern automated manufacturing systems. It also incorporates an enterprise architecture. This approach allows enterprises to meet scalability needs and flexibility requirements.